Clear Cover to Main Reinforcement
Footings: 50 mm
Raft foundation Top: 50 mm
Raft foundation Bottom / sides: 75 mm
Strap Beam: 50 mm
Grade Slab: 20 mm
Column: 40 mm (d>12 mm) 25 mm (d= 12 mm)
Shear Wall: 25 mm
Beams: 25 mm
Slabs: 15 mm or not less than the diameter of the bar.
Flat Slab: 20 mm
Staircase: 15 mm
Retaining Wall on Earth: 20 / 25 mm
Water retaining structures: 20 / 30 mm
Sunshade: 25 mm
Weight of Rod per Meter Length. Diameter Weight per Meter (D^2/162)
8 mm = 0.395 Kg
10 mm = 0.616 Kg
12 mm = 0.888 Kg
16 mm = 1.578 Kg
20 mm = 2.466 Kg
25 mm = 3.853 Kg
32 mm = 6.313 Kg
40 mm = 9.865 Kg
Concrete Grade:
M5 = 1:5:10
M7.5=1:4:8
M10= 1:3:6
M15= 1:2:4
M20= 1:1.5:3
M25= 1:1:2
M30 and above grade based on design mix
What is D2/162.27 in steel ?
weight of steel bar per meter = Volume of steel x Density of steel
Weight of steel bar per meter = πD2/4 x 1000 mm (for 1m lenght) x 7850 kg/ 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 1000 mm
Weight of steel bar per meter = 3.14D2/4 x 7850/1000 x 1000 = 0.785D2 x 0.00785
Weight of steel bar per meter = 0.0061622 x D2 = D2/1/0.0061622 = D2/162.27
1 Cubic Meter Concretes 500 Bricks?
So brick with motor=200 x 100 x 100.
Volume of 1st class brick = 0.19 x 0.09 X 0.09 = 0.001539 cu.m
Volume of 1st class brick with motor =0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1=0.002 cu.m
No. on bricks per 1cu.m= 1/volume of1st class brick with mortor ⇒ 1/0.002 ⇒ 500 No. of bricks
Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates for Grade M20:Ratio is 1:1.5:3
As we know that during concreting when we place wet concrete , it gets harden after certain standard time( 30 mins IST & 10hrs FST)
volume of dry Concrete = 1.54 to 1.57 times Volume of wet concrete.
sand requried=1.5/5.5*1.57=0.471m3
aggregate required=3/5.5*1.57=0.853m3
Unit Weight of Materials Used at Construction Site:
1- Water= 1000 Kg/ m3
2- Bricks (broken)= 1420 Kg/ m3
3- Bricks(common)= 1600 Kg/ m3
4- Cement(ordinary)= 1440 Kg/ m3
5- Cement (rapid hardening)= 1250 Kg/ m3
6-Cement Mortar= 2000 Kg/ m3
7- Cement Concrete (Plain)= 2400 Kg/ m3
8- Cement Concrete (Reinforced)= 2500 Kg/ m3
9- Glass= 2500 Kg/ m3
10- Lime Concrete= 1900 Kg/ m3
11- Cement Plaster= 2000 Kg/ m3
12- Lime Plaster= 1700 Kg/ m3
13 Stones (Ballast)= 1720 Kg/ m3
14- Stones (Aggregates)= 1750 Kg/ m3
15- Stones (Basalt)= 2850 Kg/ m3
16- Stones (Granite)= 2450 Kg/ m3
17- Stones (Marble)= 2650 Kg/ m3
18- Timber (Oak, Sal)= 510 Kg/ m3
19- Timber (Mango)= 650 Kg/ m3
20- Timber (Teak)= 625 Kg/ m3
21- Coal 600= Kg/ m3
22- Plastics= 1250 Kg/ m3
23- Oils= 800 Kg/ m3
24- Ashes= 650 Kg/ m3
25- Clinker= 750 Kg/ m3
26- Rubber= 1300 Kg/ m3
27- Slag= 1500 Kg/ m3
28- Clay Soil= 1900 Kg/ m3
29- Sand (dry)= 1540 to 1600 Kg/ m3
30- Sand (wet)= 11760 to 2000 Kg/ m3
31- Steel= 7850 Kg/ m3
32- Chalk= 2100 Kg/ m3
33- Bitumen= 1040 Kg/ m3
De-Shuttering time of different RCC Members:
For columns, walls, vertical form works: 16-24 hrs
Soffit formwork to slabs: 3 days (props to be refixed after removal)
Soffit to beams props: 7 days (props to refixed after removal)
Beams spanning upto 4.5m: 7 days
Beams spanning over 4.5m: 14 days
Arches spanning up to 6m: 14 days
Arches spanning over 6m: 21 days
Design Mix:
Cement : 210 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 708 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 472 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 823 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3
Fresh concrete density: 2398 Kg/M 3
Cement : 320 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 683 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 455 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 794 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 176 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ M 3
Cement : 340 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 667 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 445 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 775 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.6%
Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ M 3
Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water185 -20.5 =
164 Liters,
Admixture = 0.5% is 100ml
Cement : 380 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 654 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 436 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 760 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 187 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ M 3
Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture
(170.80+15.20)
Cement : 410 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 632 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 421 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 735 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 200 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2400 Kg/ M 3
Note: sand = 735 + 2%, Water = 200- 14.7 =
185.30,
Admixture = 0.7%
Cement : 430 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 618 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 412 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 718 Kg/ M 3
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
Note: Sand = 718 + Bulk age 1%
Cement : 450 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 626 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 417 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 727 Kg/ M 3 + Bulk age 1%
Water Cement ratio : 0.43
Admixture : 0.7%
Cement : 450 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 590 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 483 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 689 Kg/ M 3 + Bulk age 12%
Water Cement ratio : 0.36 (188 Kg)
Admixture : 1.20%3
Micro silica : 30 Kg
Super flow 6.7% of cement
Standard Conversion Factors:
Length
1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m)
1 meter (m) = 100 centimeter (cm)
1 centimeter (cm) = 10-2m
1 millimeter (mm) = 10-3m
1 micron (μ) = 10-6m
1 millimicron (mμ) = 10-9m
1 angstrom (A) = 10-10m
1 inch (in.) = 2.54 cm
1 foot (ft) = 30.48 cm
1 mile (mi) = 1.609 km
1 mil = 10-3 in.
1 centimeter = 0.3937 in.
1 meter = 39.37 in.
1 kilometer = 0.6214 mile
Area
1 square meter (m2) = 10.76 ft2
1 square mile (mi2) = 640 acres
1 square foot (ft2) = 929 cm2
1 acre = 43,560 ft2
Volume
1 liter (l) = 1000cm3 = 1.057 quart (qt) = 61.02 in3 = 0.03532 ft3
1 cubic meter (m3) = 1000 l = 35.32 ft3
1 cubic foot (ft3) = 7.481 U.S.gal = 0.02832 m3 = 28.32 l
1 U.S. gallon (gal) = 231 in3 = 3.785 l
1 British gallon = 1.201 U.S.gallon = 277.4 in3
Mass
1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2046 pounds (lb) = 0.06852 slug;
1 lb = 453.6 gm = 0.03108 slug
1 slug = 32.174 lb = 14.59 kg
Curing Days Required:
Super Sulphate cement : 7 days
Ordinary Portland cement OPC : 10 days
Minerals and Admixture added cement : 14 days
