For economic safe and quick construction of tunnels, the following precautions should be taken:
1- The shape of the tunnel should be decided according to its purpose.
2- Cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel should be decided to achieve economy in its construction.
3- Economic calculations for the extent of equipment and labour should be made before starting the tunnel construction.
4- The pattern of blasting the material in different locations should be decided for maintaining the speed of driving and safety.
5- The sequence of operations must be decided so that the proper use of labour and equipment is made.
6- Labour should be well organized to maintain continuous progress of the tunnelling operations.
7- Outdated or unsuitable tools should not be used.
8- Care should be taken to see that every operation is completed at the scheduled time.
9- The Excavated material should be piled up in a manner suitable to the method of loading being employed.
