The Building
Every building comprises the load-bearing system which is usually constructed of reinforced concrete, steel or by a combination of those two materials.
The structural frame
The photorealistic figure shows the structural frame of the above building of PANOPLIA soft-ware (the slabs of the upper storey have been removed in order to allow for the visual presentation of all members.
Load path from the structural slab to the ground
The structural frame must have enough strength to securely bear the gravity loads throughout the entire life span of the building.
An adequate load-bearing system is based on a continuous load path throughout the structure:
1- The slabs carry the floor loads of each storey.
2- The beams carry the loads transferred to them by the slabs as well as the weight of the walls seated on them.
3- The columns carry the beam loads and they transmit them to the foundation.
4- The footings (foundation) carry the column loads and transfer them to the ground.
Structure foundation
The foundation elements of this structure are the spread footings, the foundation beams and the strip foundation.
Frame deformation due to seismic action
In countries with extensive seismic activity, the structural frame must be able to withstand not only the gravity loads but also the loads imposed in a few but vital cases during its life span such as during an earthquake.
Underneath view of the structure foundation and detail of the soil stresses diagram
Footings are continuously active and critically affect structural behaviour, especially during an earthquake.
source
https://www.buildinghow.com/
